Electrified vehicles, or EVs, are vehicles that use electricity as their primary or secondary source of power. EVs include battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). EVs offer many benefits over conventional vehicles, such as lower emissions, lower fuel costs, and higher performance.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global stock of EVs reached 10.2 million in 2020, up from 7.2 million in 2019. The IEA projects that by 2030, there will be 145 million EVs on the road, accounting for 7% of the total vehicle fleet. The growth of EVs is driven by several factors, such as supportive policies, technological innovations, consumer preferences, and environmental awareness.

Some of the challenges that EVs face include high upfront costs, limited range and charging infrastructure, and battery recycling and disposal issues. However, these challenges are being addressed by various stakeholders, such as governments, automakers, utilities, and consumers. For example, governments are providing incentives and regulations to promote EV adoption, automakers are investing in research and development to improve EV performance and affordability, utilities are expanding and upgrading the grid and charging networks to accommodate EV demand, and consumers are becoming more aware of the benefits and opportunities of EV ownership.

Electrified vehicles are changing the future of transportation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality, enhancing energy security, creating new jobs and industries, and offering new mobility services and experiences. EVs are not only a mode of transportation, but also a platform for innovation and integration with other sectors, such as renewable energy, smart grids, and digital technologies. Electrified vehicles are transforming the way we move, live, and work.

One of the most promising types of electrified vehicles is the battery electric vehicle (BEV), which runs solely on electricity stored in a battery pack. BEVs have no tailpipe emissions and can be charged from various sources of electricity, such as solar, wind, hydro, or nuclear. BEVs are also more efficient and quieter than conventional vehicles. Some of the popular models of BEVs include the Tesla Model 3, the Nissan Leaf, and the Volkswagen ID.3.

Another type of electrified vehicle is the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), which combines an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and a battery pack. PHEVs can run on either electricity or gasoline, depending on the driving conditions and preferences. PHEVs have lower emissions and fuel costs than conventional vehicles when running on electricity, and can also extend their range by using gasoline when needed. Some of the popular models of PHEVs include the Toyota Prius Prime, the Ford Escape Plug-in Hybrid, and the Hyundai Ioniq Plug-in Hybrid.

A third type of electrified vehicle is the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), which uses hydrogen as its fuel and produces electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen in a fuel cell. FCEVs have zero tailpipe emissions, except for water vapor, and can be refueled in a similar way as conventional vehicles. FCEVs also have a longer range and faster refueling time than BEVs. However, FCEVs are still expensive and rare, and face challenges such as hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and safety. Some of the popular models of FCEVs include the Toyota Mirai, the Honda Clarity Fuel Cell, and the Hyundai Nexo.